On April 17, 1861, Virginia became the eighth state to secede from the Union. The vote was eighty-eight to fifty-five. Virginia's decision was crucial to the South, due to its large population, critical geographic position, and high industrial capacity.
"War loses a great deal of romance after a soldier has seen his first battle... It is a classical maxim that it is sweet and becoming to die for one's country; but whoever has seen the horrors of a battlefield feels that it is far sweeter to live for it."
~ Confederate General John S. Mosby
"We talked the matter over and could have settled the war in thirty minutes had it been left to us."
~ A Rebel soldier
after fraternizing with a Yankee soldier between the lines
On November 8, 1864, Abraham Lincoln was elected to his second term as president of the United States, gathering ten times the number of electoral votes as Peace Democrat George McClellan, former commander of the Army of the Potomac. Lincoln's opponents were confident of his defeat, given severe Union battle losses and sagging morale of the summer. But when Sherman won Atlanta in September, Lincoln's campaign was revitalized, and his victory was imminent.